SpaceX Grants Anthropic Colossus 1 Access Ahead of IPO

SpaceX granted Anthropic full access to its Memphis-based Colossus 1 supercluster on Wednesday, providing more than 300 megawatts of capacity and over 220,000 NVIDIA GPUs that Anthropic can deploy within weeks. The agreement comes roughly five weeks before SpaceX’s planned $1.75 trillion public offering.

Under the pact, Anthropic will begin using Colossus 1’s compute capacity this month to expand training workloads and increase API throughput. Anthropic wrote in a post that the partnership raises usage limits, doubling Claude Code rate limits for paid customers and increasing API ceilings for its Opus models.

SpaceX confidentially filed an S-1 with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1 and scheduled a roadshow for the week of June 8. Bankers working on the deal expect the offering to be among the largest in U.S. capital markets history, and some have discussed valuation guidance toward $2 trillion.

The agreement includes a governance clause that allows SpaceX to reclaim compute if Anthropic’s models are judged to pose a danger to humanity. Elon Musk wrote on X that SpaceX will provide compute to AI companies taking steps “to ensure it is good for humanity,” and that the company reserves the right to “reclaim the compute” if an AI “engages in actions that harm humanity.”

SpaceX merged with xAI in February and has used Colossus internally for models such as Grok. By opening Colossus 1 to an external lab, SpaceX establishes a commercial customer relationship for the cluster beyond its own operations.

The two companies flagged interest in multi-gigawatt orbital compute, describing plans to explore linking Starship hardware to large-scale AI training workloads. SpaceX and Anthropic described orbital compute as a long-term capability under consideration.

Anthropic’s private-market valuation crossed an implied $1 trillion earlier this year. Access to Colossus 1 is expected to ease bottlenecks for model training and API capacity, supporting both development work and paid services.

What investors and analysts are likely to watch next are the public S-1 filing, any disclosure of AI compute revenue in SpaceX’s filings, and further details on orbital compute plans. For Anthropic, the agreement expands immediate compute headroom; for SpaceX, the pact provides a commercial customer example ahead of its roadshow.